Engine
Audi e-tron Flywheel KERS: Hybrid Endurance Racing
How the Audi e-tron energy recovery system worked in endurance racing, using flywheel technology as an alternative to …
Camshaft and Variable Valve Timing Explained
How camshafts and Variable Valve Timing (VVT) systems work in modern engines, from road cars to high-performance racing …
Desmodromic Valve Actuation: From Ducati to F1
What desmodromic valve actuation is, how it differs from conventional springs, and its history from Ducati to Formula 1 …
Direct Fuel Injection in F1 Power Units
How direct fuel injection works in modern engines and Formula 1 power units, its advantages over port injection, and …
Engine Braking in F1: Effect on Car Balance
How engine braking works in Formula 1 and road cars, its effect on car balance, and how teams use it as a setup tool.
Engine Mapping in Formula 1
How engine mapping works in Formula 1, covering ignition timing, fuel injection, and how teams optimise power unit …
Engine Torque Map in F1: Power Delivery Control
What engine torque maps are in Formula 1, how they control power delivery, and their role in traction and driveability.
F1 2014 Nose Cone Regulations and Design
How the 2014 Formula 1 nose cone regulations changed car design, the safety reasons behind lower noses, and team …
F1 ECU: Electronic Control Unit Explained
How the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) works in Formula 1, its role in managing the power unit, and the standard McLaren …
F1 Engine Air Intake: Ram Air and Airbox Design
How engine air intakes work in Formula 1, covering ram air effect, intake design, and the role of the airbox above the …
F1 Engine Regulations: History of Rule Changes
The complete history of Formula 1 engine regulation changes from 1950 to the present hybrid era.
F1 Engine Suppliers: Complete History by Manufacturer
A comprehensive history of every engine manufacturer and supplier in Formula 1, from the 1950s to the current power unit …
F1 Fuel Cell: Safety Tank Design and Construction
How the fuel cell (fuel tank) works in a Formula 1 car, its safety features, construction materials, and FIA crash …
F1 Fuel Mapping: Optimising Power Unit Delivery
How fuel mapping works in Formula 1, controlling fuel delivery to optimise power, efficiency, and driveability across …
F1 Power Unit and ERS: How the Hybrid Works
How the modern Formula 1 hybrid power unit works, covering the ICE, turbocharger, MGU-K, MGU-H, and energy recovery …
F1 Starter Motor: How Formula 1 Cars Are Fired Up
How the external starter motor system works in Formula 1, why cars cannot self-start, and the mechanics behind engine …
Ferrari Nose Hole: Innovative Airflow Design
The story behind Ferrari's innovative nose hole design, how it channelled airflow, and the aerodynamic advantage it …
Formula 1 Clutch: How It Works
How the clutch works in a Formula 1 car, the materials used, and why race starts depend on precise clutch control.
Formula 1 Engine: Evolution from V8 to V6 Hybrid
The evolution of Formula 1 engines from naturally aspirated V8s and V10s to today's turbocharged V6 hybrid power units.
Formula 1 Exhaust Systems
How exhaust systems work in Formula 1, their aerodynamic role, and the evolution from blown diffusers to current …
Formula 1 Fuel: Regulations and Chemistry
Formula 1 fuel specifications, regulations, and how fuel chemistry gives teams a performance advantage through energy …
Formula 1 Lubricants and Engine Oils
The role of lubricants and engine oils in Formula 1, how they reduce friction and heat, and the history of F1 oil …
Formula 1 Nose Cone Design and Safety
The evolution of Formula 1 nose cone design, from simple aero tips to complex crash structures that meet FIA safety …
KERS: Kinetic Energy Recovery in Formula 1
How the Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) worked in Formula 1, its development history, and evolution into the …
Nitrous Oxide (NOS): How It Boosts Engine Power
What nitrous oxide (NOS) is, how it boosts engine power, and why it is not permitted in Formula 1 racing.
Off-Throttle Exhaust Blowing in Formula 1
What off-throttle exhaust blowing is in Formula 1, how it maintained diffuser performance during braking, and why it was …
Pneumatic Valve Springs in F1: Enabling High RPM
How pneumatic valve springs work in Formula 1 engines, enabling the ultra-high RPM that mechanical springs cannot …
Refuelling in Formula 1: History and Safety
The history of refuelling in Formula 1, why it was banned on safety grounds, and how it changed race strategy when …
Road Car Clutch Upgrades: Performance Guide
A guide to sensible clutch upgrades for road cars, covering materials, multi-plate designs, and performance …
Road Car Exhaust Upgrades: Performance Guide
How exhaust system upgrades affect road car performance, covering headers, catalytic converters, and back-pressure …
Spark Plugs in Formula 1 Engines
How spark plugs work in Formula 1 engines, the extreme conditions they endure, and the technology behind …
Suspension Packers in Formula 1
What packers are in Formula 1 suspension, how they limit suspension travel, and their role in ride height and floor …
Suspension Rockers (Bellcranks) in F1
How suspension rockers (bellcranks) work in Formula 1, converting pushrod or pullrod motion into damper and spring …
The Cosworth DFV Story: F1's Greatest Engine
The remarkable story of Cosworth Engineering and the DFV engine that dominated Formula 1 for over a decade.
Thermal Efficiency in F1: Over 50% and Climbing
What thermal efficiency means for Formula 1 power units, how modern hybrid engines exceed 50% efficiency, and why it …
Torque in Formula 1: Power Delivery Explained
Understanding torque in Formula 1 — what it is, how it differs from horsepower, and why it matters for acceleration.
Turbocharger in F1: From 1977 to Hybrid Era
How turbochargers work in Formula 1, their history from the 1977 Renault to today's hybrid power units, and turbo design …
Wankel Rotary Engine: How It Works in Motorsport
How the Wankel rotary engine works, its advantages and disadvantages compared to piston engines, and its motorsport …